Fortresses and fortifications

The fortresses of Romania span two millennia: from the Dacian fortifications of the Orăștie Mountains and the Greek colonies on the Black Sea shore, to the princely seats of the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia and the walled towns and fortified churches built by the Transylvanian Saxons. Most are concentrated in southern Transylvania, where almost every Saxon village had its own defensive wall, but also in Moldavia, along the line of Stephen the Great's fortresses. Some are hilltop ruins overlooking the plain; others have been restored and house museums.

Alba Carolina Fortress is the largest bastion fortress in the country, while Sighișoara Citadel is a still-inhabited medieval town on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Sarmizegetusa Regia takes you back to the time of the Dacians, the Suceava Princely Fortress to medieval Moldavia, and Histria Citadel to ancient Dobruja.